Abstract: This study examines the locomotor biomechanics of the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), a species of profound ecological and evolutionary significance. Despite its characteristic slow movement and non-sprinting locomotion, the panda has endured for over 8 million years, offering a unique perspective on the evolution of mammalian locomotion. Through comprehensive gait analysis and ground reaction force measurements, we investigate the functional distinctions between the forelimbs and hind limbs, highlighting the biomechanical underpinnings of its plantigrade locomotion. Our findings reveal how the panda’s limb structure and movement patterns contribute to energy efficiency, particularly during slow locomotion. By comparing these results with those of other large mammals, such as grizzly bears (Ursus arcto), we explore the role of limb mechanics in energy conservation. Additionally, we assess the locomotor performance of pandas across different age groups, shedding light on the maturation of locomotor abilities and the potential adaptive significance of their slow, deliberate movement. This research offers novel insights into the biomechanics of panda locomotion and its evolutionary implications, furthering our understanding of the functional evolution of bear species and informing conservation strategies for this iconic species.

Key words: Giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), Locomotion mechanics, Plantigrade gait, Ground reaction forces, Energy efficiency')">Giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), Locomotion mechanics, Plantigrade gait, Ground reaction forces, Energy efficiency