Abstract: The regulation of macrophage phenotype (M1/M2) is very important for tissue repair. The macrophage phenotypes could be affected by the physical and chemical parameters of implant surface. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of surface modifications of titanium metals on macrophage phenotype. The medical pure titanium metals (PT-Ti) subjected to Anodic Oxidation (AO-Ti), Sand Blasting/acid etching (SLA-Ti) and Plasma-sprayed HA coating (HA coating-Ti) were used for regulating the phenotype of macrophage. The results showed that the Raw264.7 cells of AO-Ti groups had no obvious pseudopodia and could spread evenly in all directions. The levels of IL-1β and TNF-α, which belong to pro-inflammatory genes, expressed by the cells on AO-Ti groups were the lowest among all of the modified titanium groups. But, the levels of IL-10 and TGF-β, which belong to anti-inflammatory genes, expressed on AO-Ti groups were much higher than those on the other groups. Furthermore, the AO-Ti could regulate the expression of SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 to affect the active of NF-κB signaling. The gene expression results of macrophages showed that the AO-Ti was more conductive to inhibit the expression of M1-related genes and promote the expression of M2-related genes in an inflammatory environment. The AO-Ti was more beneficial to tissue repair than other modified titanium metals. The results showed that the anodic oxidation is an effective method to regulate the phenotype of macrophages.

Key words: Titanium , · Dental implant , · Bionic surface modifcation , · Anti-infammatory , · Macrophage phenotype