Abstract: Lack of temperature sensation of myoelectric prosthetic hand limits the daily activities of amputees. To this end, a noninvasive temperature sensation method is proposed to train amputees to sense temperature with psychophysical sensory substitution. In this study, 22 healthy participants took part besides 5 amputee participants. The duration time of the study was 31 days with fi ve test steps according to the Leitner technique. An adjustable temperature mug and a Peltier were used to change the temperature of the water/phantom digits to induce temperature to participants. Also, to isolate the surroundings and show colors, a Virtual Reality (VR) glass was employed. The statistical results conducted are based on the response of participants with questionnaire method. Using Chi-square tests, it is concluded that participants answer the experiment signifi cantly correctly using the Leitner technique ( P value < 0.05). Also, by applying the “Repeated Measures ANOVA”, it is noticed that the time of numbness felt by participants had signifi cant ( P value < 0.001) diff erence. Participants could remember lowest and highest temperatures signifi cantly better than other temperatures ( P value < 0.001); furthermore, the well-trained amputee participant practically using the prosthesis with 72.58% could identify object’s temperature with only once time experimenting the color temperature.  

Key words: Temperature perceptions, Leitner learning technique, Classical conditioning, Psychophysical sensory substitution, Extraordinary perceptual phenomenon, Bionic hand prosthesis ,